Shell and tube heat exchangers is a device that puts two working fluids in thermal contact using tubes housed within an outer cylindrical shell. These two integral pathways are usually built out of thermally conductive metals that allow easy heat transfer. The tubes carry a fluid from their inlet to their outlet (the “tube-side” flow), while the shell passes a separate fluid over these tubes (the “shell-side” flow). The number of tubes, known as the tube bundle will dictate how much surface area is exposed to the shell-side flow, and therefore determines how much heat is transferred. These devices are among the most effective means of exchanging heat, as they are easily built, maintained, are compact, and provide excellent heat transfer. They are widely distributed in industry.